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Test Name:
Barbiturates Screen, by EIA, Urine
- SBMF No:
29081 - Performance Lab Name:
Automated Lab - Test Mnemonic:
U BARB - ABN:
May be required – Medical Necessity - CPT Code:
80101
Medicare: G0434 - LOINC Code:
19270-8 - Test Includes:
Secobarbital
Amobarbital
Aprobarbital
Barbital
Butabarbital
Butalbital
Cyclopentobarbital
Pentobarbital
Phenobarbital
Talbutal - Also Known As:
Screen for Barbiturates - Spec Type:
Urine, random - Spec Container:
Plastic container with tightly fitting lid - Pref Vol:
5.0 mL - Min Vol:
0.2 mL - Fasting:
No - Spec Collect:
Routine random urine collection - Spec Store Transport:
Refrigerated - Spec Stability:
1 week refrigerated (2-8°C) - Spec Reject:
Adulterated urine sample (if adulteration suspected, recollect sample) - Methodology:
Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) [Moderate Complexity] - Use:
Used in the diagnosis and treatment of barbiturate use or overdose - Clinical Significance:
Barbiturates belong to a broad classification of CNS-Depressant drugs known as sedative-hypnotics. The first barbiturate was barbituric acid, the building block for all subsequent barbiturates, which was produced in 1864 by combining urea with malonic acid. Since then more than 2,500 different barbiturate compounds have been synthesized. Members of the barbiturate family have current medical uses and are prescribed as anticonvulsants, anesthetics, and sedatives and to protect the brain after severe head injury. However, because they readily induce tolerance and dependence and interact detrimentally with many other drugs, especially other CNS depressants, barbiturates are not prescribed as frequently as they once were.When used as an abused substance, barbiturates are usually taken orally in pill form, but habitual users and addicts have been known to dissolve the compounds and inject them hypodermically. Barbiturates are a popular suicide agent in the US. After intake of a high dose, death results from depression of the respiratory and cardiac centers in the brain.Barbiturates are lipid soluble and rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream, readily penetrating the blood-brain barrier. Depending on the degree of lipid solubility, they are commonly characterized as short-, intermediate-, or long-acting. Half lives range from 20 to 120 hours. Barbiturates are variously metabolized by the liver, some being excreted in the urine mainly as active and inactive metabolites and others mainly as unchanged drug. Depending on the specific barbiturate taken, urine may test positive for approximately 30 hours after administration or as long as several weeks. - Reference Range:
Results of the assay distinguish positive (greater than or equal to 200 ng/mL or 300 ng/mL, depending on the chosen cutoff) from negative samples only
The amount of drug detected in a positive sample cannot be estimated - Day Run:
Sun-Sat (daily) - Time Run:
As received - Time Reported:
4 hours - Test Type:
TOX-TDM
